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                  <mods:topic>The wrestling match, from Prince Baysunghur's Rose Garden (Gulistan) by Sa`di.  
The overconfident young wrestler challenges his teacher, and the king organises a match to settle the matter. Once on the field, the older man uses the one wrestling move he has never taught his student, and defeats him easily.  
Detached folio, ink, pigments and gold on paper, Persian text in nasta`liq calligraphy, with gold headings, illumination panels and full-page painting (on recto), calligraphy by Ja`far al-Baysunghuri, from a manuscript dedicated to Timurid prince Baysunghur, Herat, Afghanistan, dated 830H, 1427.  
Sa`di (d.1290) of Shiraz is one of Iran's greatest classical poets. Pithy as well as ethical, the distinctive lines of the Rose Garden (Gulistan) combine prose tales (hikayat) with inserted poetry (bayt), and have been admired for centuries. This beautiful illustrated manuscript was produced in Herat, at the court of the Timurid prince Baysunghur (d. 1433), a renowned book-lover, art patron and bon vivant. The Persian text was copied out (and signed) by Baysunghur's head librarian, the master-calligrapher Farid al-Din Ja`far al-Tabrizi (known as Ja`far al-Baysunghuri). The illustrations and the illuminated panels are the work of several different court painters: Amir Khalil, Khwaja Ghiyathuddin, Khwaja Ata and Mawlana Shihab. Although they have not signed their work in this manuscript, a separate court document (written by Ja`far to prince Baysunghur, c. 1430) reported that these specific artists were currently finishing a copy of the Gulistan: for example Amir Khalil was completing &quot;two sea scenes of the Gulistan&quot;, surely referring to the two such paintings in this manuscript (Per 119.15 and Per 119.29).</mods:topic>
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